Drug Name

Keftab (Cephalexin)

Pharmacological action

A broad-spectrum 1st generation cephalosporin antibiotic. It has a bactericidal effect.

Active against Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus spp. (penicillinase producing and non-producing strains), Streptococcus spp. (including Streptococcus pneumoniae), Corynebacterium diphtheriae; Gram-negative bacteria: Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Shigella spp.

Inactive against Haemophilus influenzae, Proteus spp. (indole-positive strains), Mycobacterium tuberculosis, anaerobic microorganisms.

Pharmacokinetics

After oral administration, it is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Absorption is 90%. Cephalexin is acid resistant, food intake slows absorption, but does not affect its completeness. Bioavailability is 95%.

Cmax is reached in - 1-2 hours. After oral administration of 250 mg, 500 mg, 1 g, Cmax is 9, 18, and 32 mcg/ml, respectively. It is distributed relatively evenly in various tissues and body fluids: lungs, bronchial mucosa, liver, heart, kidneys. It does not penetrate through the BBB, penetrates through the placental barrier and is excreted in small amounts with breast milk.

Vd - 0.26 l/kg. Binding to plasma proteins - 5-15%.

T1/2 - 0.9-1.5 hours. 90% is excreted unchanged by the kidneys (2/3 - by glomerular filtration, 1/3 - by tubular secretion); 0.5% - in the bile. Total clearance - 380 ml/min, renal clearance - 210 ml/min. Cmax in urine after oral administration of 250 mg, 500 mg, 1 g is 1000, 2200, 5000 mcg/ml, respectively. In impaired renal function, blood concentrations increase and excretion time is prolonged. T1/2 is 20-40 hours.

Pharmacological action

A broad-spectrum 1st generation cephalosporin antibiotic. It has a bactericidal effect.

Active against Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus spp. (penicillinase producing and non-producing strains), Streptococcus spp. (including Streptococcus pneumoniae), Corynebacterium diphtheriae; Gram-negative bacteria: Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Shigella spp.

Inactive against Haemophilus influenzae, Proteus spp. (indole-positive strains), Mycobacterium tuberculosis, anaerobic microorganisms.

Contraindications to use

Hypersensitivity to cephalosporins.

Administration during pregnancy and lactation

Administration during pregnancy and lactation (breast-feeding) is possible only in cases when the expected benefits to the mother exceed the potential risk to the fetus or child.

Administration in children

Caution is necessary when using in children under 6 months of age.

Indications of active substances of the drug Keftab (Cephalexin)

Infectious and inflammatory diseases caused by cephalexin-sensitive microorganisms, including upper and lower respiratory tract diseases, urinary tract, skin and soft tissue diseases; otitis media, osteomyelitis, endometritis, gonorrhea.

Dosing regimen

It is established individually, taking into account the severity of the course and localization of infection, the sensitivity of the pathogen. When taken orally, the average dose for adults is 250-500 mg every 6-12 hours. If necessary, daily dose is increased to 4-6 g. Duration of treatment course is 7-14 days. In children with body weight less than 40 kg a daily dose is 25-50 mg/kg, the frequency of administration is 4 times/day. In a severe course of infections, the daily dose may be increased to 100 mg/kg and the frequency of administration to 6 times/day. In infections caused by group A beta-haemolytic streptococcus, the minimum duration of treatment is 10 days.