Pharmacological action of the Hydrea®

Antineoplastic agent. The proposed mechanism of action is to inhibit DNA synthesis. Does not affect protein and RNA synthesis.

Pharmacokinetics

After oral administration, it is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Penetrates the BBB. Metabolized in the liver. It is excreted mainly by the kidneys (80%). T1/2 -. 3-4 hours

Indications preparation Hydrea®

chronic and acute myeloid leukemia, blast crisis in chronic myeloid leukemia, melanoma, breast carcinoma and gastric, head and neck tumors (if impossible or only partially possible resection or radiation), cancer ovaries, uterine choriocarcinoma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children (relapses), lung cancer. It is also used in conjunction with radiation therapy (to increase its effectiveness) for cervical cancer and brain tumors.

Interaction

Increases the effect of cytarabine, weakens - 5-fluorouracil and methotrexate. With the simultaneous administration of antidepressants, antihistamines, barbiturates, sedatives, hypnotics, drugs and alcohol, the inhibition of the reaction rate increases.

Dosing and Administration of the drug Hydrea®

Inside, before meals. Treatment is usually carried out in periodic courses. At 80 mg / kg once every 3 days or daily at 20-30 mg / kg once (doses are based on actual or normal body weight, with the smaller of the indicated values ​​being used). In elderly patients, it is advisable to use smaller doses. During treatment, patients should consume a sufficient amount of fluids.

Contraindications to use

Leukopenia less than 2500 / μl, thrombocytopenia less than 100,000 / μl, severe anemia, pregnancy, hypersensitivity to hydroxycarbamide.

Use during pregnancy and lactation

Hydroxycarbamide is contraindicated in pregnancy. If necessary, use during lactation should stop breastfeeding.

Women of childbearing age receiving hydroxycarbamide therapy should use reliable methods of contraception.

In experimental studies , the teratogenic and embryotoxic effects of hydroxycarbamide have been established.

Application for impaired renal function

Care must be taken in patients with severe impaired renal function.

Use in elderly patients

Elderly patients may require adjustment of the dosage regimen.

Special instructions

Care must be taken in patients with severe renal impairment.

It is not recommended to use hydroxycarbamide in patients with chickenpox (including recently transferred or after contact with sick), herpes zoster and other acute infectious diseases.

Elderly patients may require a dosage adjustment.

When using hydroxycarbamide in patients with gout or nephrolithiasis, the risk of hyperuricemia increases.

The combination with radiation therapy can lead to an increase in side effects associated with myelodepression and damage to the gastric mucosa. Radiation-induced erythema may increase. Nausea, vomiting, anorexia caused by combined use with radiation therapy, as a result of temporary withdrawal of hydroxycarbamide, may disappear.

Before starting and during treatment, a complete blood picture should be determined, including an examination of the bone marrow, as well as kidney and liver function. Repeat the blood test at least 1 time / week. With a decrease in the number of leukocytes less than 2500 / μl, and platelets less than 100,000 / μl, treatment should be discontinued until the normal values ​​of these parameters are restored. Possible changes in ESR (often increased).

With the development of anemia, it should be treated without interrupting the course of hydroxycarbamide, with the help of replacement transfusions of erythrocyte mass.

Changes in biochemical parameters are possible: an increase in the concentration in the blood of urea, creatinine, uric acid, an increase in the activity of hepatic transaminases.

It is not recommended to vaccinate patients and their families.

Drug interaction

Possible increased myelosuppression in the case of previous therapy with cytotoxic drugs.

Side effect

From the hematopoietic system: leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia.

From the digestive system: stomatitis, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation; rarely - liver dysfunction.

From the side of the central nervous system: a feeling of fatigue, headache, drowsiness, dizziness, hallucinations, convulsions.

From the respiratory system: in some cases - diffuse pulmonary infiltrates, accompanied by fever and shortness of breath.

From the urinary system: difficulty urinating; rarely - impaired renal function.

Dermatological reactions: alopecia, maculopapular rash, erythema.

Others: fever, chills.